Science progress has introduced new issues into the world requiring optimization algorithm with fast adaptation with uncertain environment changing with time. In these issues, location and optimized value change over time, so optimization algorithm should be capable of fast adaptation with variable conditions. This study has proposed a new algorithm based on particle optimization algorithm called Adaptive Increasing/Decreasing PSO. This algorithm, Adaptively with an increase and decrease in the number of algorithm Particles and effective search limit, is capable of searching and finding optimized number changed with time in non-linear and dynamic environments with undetectable changes. Also, a new definition, focused search zone, is provided for signalizing hopeful areas in order to accelerate local search process and prevent premature convergence, and success index as an indicator of the behavior of centralized search area in relation to environmental conditions. Results of the proposed algorithm on the moving peaks benchmark were assessed and compared with the results of some other studies. Results show positive effects of Adaptive mechanisms such as a decrease and an increase in the Particles and search limit on the duration of searching and finding optimization in comparison with other multi-population based optimization algorithms.

Distance-based clustering methods categorize samples by optimizing a global criterion, finding ellipsoid clusters with roughly equal sizes. In contrast, density-based clustering techniques form clusters with arbitrary shapes and sizes by optimizing a local criterion. Most of these methods have several hyper-parameters, and their performance is highly dependent on the hyper-parameter setup. Recently, a Gaussian Density Distance (GDD) approach was proposed to optimize local criteria in terms of distance and density properties of samples. GDD can find clusters with different shapes and sizes without any free parameters. However, it may fail to discover the appropriate clusters due to the interfering of clustered samples in estimating the density and distance properties of remaining unclustered samples. Here, we introduce Adaptive GDD (AGDD), which eliminates the inappropriate effect of clustered samples by Adaptively updating the parameters during clustering. It is stable and can identify clusters with various shapes, sizes, and densities without adding extra parameters. The distance metrics calculating the dissimilarity between samples can affect the clustering performance. The effect of different distance measurements is also analyzed on the method. The experimental results conducted on several well-known datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed AGDD method compared to the other well-known clustering methods.

This study surveys factors related to Increasing and Decreasing creativity of students in 59 studies, dissertations and theses in relationship with students’ creativity analyzed through meta-analysis. The results of the study indicated that the surveyed factors related to creativity of students include teaching methods, learning strategy, learning factor, school factor, teacher factor, family factor, cooperation in school activity, self– esteem, motivation, language accent, cognition beliefs, playing, self-concept, control source, self– efficacy and thinking styles. Thus, that variables have positive effects on Increasing creativity. Such variables include student’ s personality, intelligence, social class, orphanage, anxiety, school administration, sources, equipment and creation of art activity haven't significant relationship with students' creativity. Furthermore, the results of t-test and ANOVA indicate that effect size of student’ s gender and study stage of students do not affect student’ s creativity.

Lactation length is different in individual cows, which is generally converted to a 305-day standard using curve fitting models for genetic and management practices. Individual curves do not have a standard shape in all cases, and can deviate from the standard pattern according to factors such as individual differences, and type of fitted models. These non-standard curves, called atypical, resulted from incorrect estimated parameters of the curves; which consist of: continuously Increasing or Decreasing and reversed standards. This study was conducted to investigate the importance of atypical curves in estimation of 305-day milk production, by fitting two nonlinear models? Wood (empirical) and Pollott (biological), on 7659 and 6692 test-day milk yield of 977 and 776 first calving Iranian Simmental and Jersey cows, during 2007-2020, using R software. Different patterns obtained based on the combination of Increasing (b) and Decreasing (c) phase parameters of curves. The number of standard curves from the Pollott and Wood models were 85.5% and 62.2% for Simmental, and 83.1% and 70.6% for Jersey cows, respectively. Only continuously Increasing curves were observed in both breeds in Pollott model (14.8% and 16.9%, Simmental and Jersey cows, respectively); Whereas in Wood model, all 3 groups of atypical curves were observed, which the reversed standard was the most (22.3% and 16.5%, Simmental and Jersey cows, respectively). Based on the findings, at the time of standardizing the production of dairy cows (national evaluations), not only differences between breeds, but also special attention to the production of atypical curves, should be paid (to correct or discard them).

This research aims at evaluating the effectiveness of social skills training on two groups: children and children and their mothers in Decreasing loneliness and Increasing peer acceptance. The sampling method of this study was purposive, two schools among six primary schools of the fourth education area of Shiraz with the same educational, social class, and cultural level were chosen.300students were evaluated by Asher's scale about children's loneliness and the inventory of the peer acceptance.65students with the highest score in loneliness and lowest score in peer acceptance were selected and were randomly put into three groups (i.e two experimental groups and a control group). In this semi- experimental research, the children in both groups were trained during eight one-hour sessions. in the other group children's mother were separately trained in six one-hour sessions. Finally post-test were given and covariance were used for analysis of data. Results from statistical methods, analysis of covariance, revealed significant increase in peer acceptance and significant reduction in loneliness on two groups. Although the average difference among these two groups was high, the comparison of these groups' efficacy wasn't significant. By means of social skills training It is possible for lonely children to make friends and enter to peer group, it causes the reduction feeling of loneliness and increase in peer acceptance among peers. The lack of statistical significance in comparing two groups doesn't refute the clinical importance of this field. it is suggested that parents, specially mothers have an important role in social skills training and children's relationships with their peers.

Dear Editor-in-Chief: South Korea has a population about fifty million. In 2011, 329, 087 couples got married among Korean (1). It was increased about 4.7% compared to annual cases of 2005. Annual number of local marriage was maintained over three hundred thousand from 2005 to 2011. Local divorce was decreased about 10.7% during same period. How-ever, international marriage and divorce with Korean have different aspects during this period. The number of international marriage was declined from 42, 356 to 29.762 about 30% between 2005 and 2011 (Fig.1). International divorce was 3, 300 cases in 2004, and continued to grow up to 11, 495 cases about 3.5 times in 2011 (Fig.2). Most intriguingly, divorce of foreign wives had a explosive increase from 1, 567 to 8, 349 while the cases of foreign husband was gradually increased from 1, 733 to 3, 146.

Introduction: Cognitive Couple Therapy is a common treatment for Decreasing the psychological problems, including depression and cognitive restructuring of couples, by therapists and family counselors. This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive couple therapy on Decreasing depression level, and Increasing marital satisfaction in couples referring to family counseling and intervention center of Fayazbakhsh Well-being Complex in Ahvaz City.Method: A sample of 20 couples was randomly selected among those referring to center of Fayazbakhsh Well-being Complex. Participants were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Prior to experimental intervention (cognitive couple therapy), all couples' depression level and their marital satisfaction were assessed (pre-test). In the next step, the couples of experimental group were received 8 therapy sessions, while no intervention were made for control group. Finally, two weeks after the last therapeutic session all variables of depression level and marital satisfaction were reassessed (post-test).Results: A T-Test for comparing pre-test and post-test mean scores were shown significantly differences between couples under cognitive couple therapy (experimental group) and no-treatment couples (control group), in depression level, and marital satisfaction (Decreasing depression levels, and Increasing marital satisfaction). The improvement rate was 59.30% and 67.92% for depression level and marital satisfaction respectively.Conclusion: It can be concluded that, according to findings, psychologists and family counselors can utilize cognitive couple therapy to reduce depression level and increase marital satisfaction of couples.

The purpose of this study was to explain the effects of narrative therapy on Decreasing aggression and Increasing social skills among pre-school children. The research design was pre-post test with control group. And this study was done by a random assignment and pre-test, post-test. The statistical population on this study includes all of the pre-schools students of Shiraz in 2007 academic year. The sample was chosen between all pre-schools in Shiraz. Totally 24 students including 12 girls and 12 boys were randomly chosen and 12th of them were randomly assigned in experimental and control group. Collecting data was done by Frank, M Gersham (1990), and Stephen N. Elliot, social skills questionnaire and Sima Shahim (2006) aggression questionnaire. The results show that narrative therapy on experimental group was the reason of reducing aggression and Increasing social skills among pre-school students. So it can be concluded that the relationship between narrative therapy and the enhancement of social skills and reducing aggression is significant.

Aim: The purpose of this research was impact of cognitive therapy on Decreasing depression, and Increasing marital satisfaction in couples referring to family counseling, and crisis center of Ahvaz Fiazbakhse.Method: Participations of these study 20 couples were consisted that of between referring of counseling and crisis center Ahvaz Fiazbakhse randomly were selected. The participants randomly were assigned in experimental and control groups. The period of cognitive treatment was eight sessions.Results: Findings showed that there are significant different between couples under cognitive treatment (experimental group) and non-treatment (control group) about decrease of depression symptoms, increase of marital satisfaction.Conclusion: According to findings obtained can be mentioned that CT to affect couples depression, and marital satisfaction (primary variable decrease, and secondary increase).